Here's the annual handle data from the Jockey Club
There are some good and bad years starting with 1990, but you can see there was a huge decline in the US starting in 2008 and continuing through 2011. Then we went back to the similar old pattern. The economy was a disaster in that 2008 period for a couple of years. It almost had to be a factor. The big up year in 2021 was almost certainly a return to normal post pandemic and all the government checks people were getting.
And to clear, I'm not arguing that CAWs aren't a big factor in what's going on. In a single year at a single track even the weather can be a factor. I'm saying that the period of the big slump broadly was partly the economy, unemployment etc.. and we never really recovered from it. Perhaps the lack of recovery was mostly CAW related.
https://jockeyclub.com/default.asp?section=FB&area=8